ON THIS DAY: 1 May 1851 – The first public flushing toilets, known as ‘Monkey Closets,’ were unveiled at the Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park in London. Designed by sanitary engineer and plumber Josiah George Jennings, they caused great excitement. For the cost of one penny, visitors were provided with a … Read more
ON THIS DAY: 28 April 1789 – Acting-Lieutenant Fletcher Christian organised a mutiny on HMS Bounty, which was transporting breadfruit plants from Tahiti to the West Indies. Relations had become strained between Christian and Captain William Bligh during a five-month layover in Tahiti, ultimately resulting in Bligh being forced from his ship and set adrift … Read more
ON THIS DAY: 26 April 1937: During the Spanish Civil War, Guernica, a town in Spain’s Basque Country, was bombarded from the air by Nazi Germany’s Condor Legion and Fascist Italy’s Aviazione Legionaria. An estimated 1,654 civilians were reported killed by the Basque government but exact numbers are unclear. This number could also have included … Read more
ON THIS DAY: 9 April 1216 – A peace treaty was signed, concluding the War of the Castle of Love, fought by Venice, on one side, and Treviso and Padua on the other. The war began in the most unlikely circumstances – with a courtly pageant. In 1214, Treviso announced a festival called the ‘Court … Read more
ON THIS DAY: 30 March 1867 – The United States signed the Alaska Treaty of Cessation and purchased Alaska—586,412 square miles—for $7.2 million (equivalent to $129 million in 2023) from the Russian Empire. The name Alaska is derived from an Aleut-language word meaning ‘the mainland.’ During the early 1700s, Russia established a colonial presence in … Read more
The Great Escape is one of history’s most famous prison breaks. Seventy-six Allied airmen made an audacious bid for freedom from Stalag Luft III, a Nazi prisoner-of-war camp, during the Second World War. The Nazis built this maximum-security camp 100 miles from Berlin, intending for it to be escape-proof. It was designed to house captured … Read more
Roman Emperor Constantine I issued a decree declaring Sunday a civil day of rest. He called Sunday the ‘venerable day of the sun’. The impact of this decree ensured that markets and public offices were closed on Sundays, though rural populations were permitted to work in their fields. Sunday was sacred to Christians as the … Read more
ON THIS DAY: 22 February 1915 – Sarah Bernhardt, the ‘Divine Sarah,’ had her right leg amputated at the age of 71 in the Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière in Paris, France. Sarah, born Henriette-Rosine Bernard, was a French stage actress and one of the most famous and influential performers of the 19th and early 20th … Read more
ON THIS DAY: 13 February 1806 – Frederic Tudor’s Ship, Favorite, Departs Boston Harbour for Saint Pierre, Martinique — to sell ice! Frederic Tudor was only 23 years old, the son of a Boston State Senator. He had come up with the bold idea of transporting ice 1,550 miles to the tropical island of Martinique, … Read more
Empress Anna of Russia forced Prince Mikhail Alekseevich Golitsyn to marry a Kalmyk servant and spend his wedding night in the infamous ice palace she had commissioned on the frozen Neva River in St. Petersburg. Anna was the daughter of Czar Ivan V, known as ‘Ivan the Ignorant’ due to severe health issues, including partial … Read more